In a decisive move, the Croatian Parliament has voted to reintroduce compulsory military service, marking a significant shift in national defense policy in light of increasing regional instability and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The legislation, passed with an overwhelming majority of 84 to 11, mandates two months of basic military training for new recruits.

The reintroduction of conscription comes as a response to the perceived threats at the borders and the need for enhanced readiness in the face of potential crises. According to the amendments in the Defense Act and the Armed Forces Service Act, the training program will equip young Croatians with essential skills for crisis response including cybersecurity, drone operations, and advanced survival techniques.

Starting in January 2026, the first batch of conscripts, specifically those born in 2007, will undergo medical screenings later this year. The Defense Ministry plans to enroll approximately 4,000 recruits annually. For those who may object to military service on moral or religious grounds, the legislation provides an alternative route through extended civil service roles, lasting three to four months.

Defense Minister Ivan Anušić highlighted the strategic goals of the initiative, pointing out that it is aligned with modern military strategies and the increasing significance of technology in warfare. Anušić also revealed Croatia's ambitions to become a leader in European drone technology, leveraging the capabilities of local manufacturers who are already producing high-quality FPV drones using purely Croatian technology.

This move to reinstate military conscription follows a period of military enhancements in Croatia, including the recent formation of a trilateral military alliance with Albania and Kosovo in 2025, which aims to bolster regional security through joint training exercises and collaborative defense strategies against hybrid threats like cyber attacks and misinformation.

The reintroduction of compulsory military service is seen as a pivotal step in strengthening the national defense infrastructure and ensuring the preparedness of the Croatian population to respond effectively to emergencies and conflicts. As Croatia positions itself as a significant military player in the region, its approach to defense training and international cooperation will be closely watched by neighbors and allies alike.